Saturday, 13 December 2014
AUTOMATION OF UNMANNED RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM USING 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
AUTOMATION OF
UNMANNED RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM
USING 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
ABSTRACT
Railways, being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred
over all the other means. When we go through the daily newspapers, we come
across many railway accidents occurring at unmanned railway crossings. This is mainly
due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers.
In order to overcome these dangerous problems we, in this project
came up with a solution for the same. Using simple electronic components we have
tried to automate the control of railway gates. This project is a standalone automatic
unmanned railway gate control system using AT89S52 microcontroller. The main aim of this
project is atomizing the unmanned railway gate. i.e., the gate is closed automatically
when ever the train comes and gate is opened after the train leaves the railway – road
crossing. The arrival of train in either direction can be identified using this project.
Use of embedded technology makes this closed loop feedback control system efficient and
reliable. Micro controller (AT89S52) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal
display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. AT89S52 micro controller is the heart of the
circuit as it controls all the functions.
The system comprises of two IR Transmitter-Receiver pairs. One IR
TX – Rx pair is located at one end of the railway gate. The second pair is
located at another end of the gate. In each pair the TX and Rx are arranged face to face across
the railway track. i.e., TX is placed at one side of the track and the receiver RX at
another side of track. The Rx should continuously get the signal from the transmitter.
Whenever any train is arriving on the track, the IR signal gets
disturbed due to the interruption
of the train. Thus the micro controller identifies the arriving of train.
Before closing the
gate the microcontroller gives siren to alert the people who are on the track. After 30
sec, the controller will close the gate by rotating the stepper motor. For the opening of
the gate, the micro controller should know whether the train has left the crossing or
not. The second IR pair is used for this purpose.
The second
IR pair identifies the train since the IR signal gets disturbed when it comes in
between TX and RX. The microcontroller will wait till the last compartment and when it
left the IR pair, the receiver again gets IR signal. Hence the microcontroller knows that
the train left the gate. Till this time the gate is closed. Now, after the
train left the
crossing, the microcontroller will open the gate by rotating the stepper motor.
LCD displays
the status of the train.
This
project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator
is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to
rectify the ac out
put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
ADVANTAGES:
·
LOW
COST
·
AUTOMATED OPERATION
·
LOW POWER CONSUMPTION
·
VERY FLEXIBLE
·
EASY TO MANUFACTUR
APPLICATIONS:
·
RAILWAY GATES
·
TOLE GATES
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